Thymosin Alpha 1 (Tα1)

Name: Thymosin Alpha 1 (Tα1)
Brand: KAM Research
Availability: OutOfStock

From $39.00to $292.50

For laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal use, consumption, diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention.

This item is available only through approved account access.

Product Specifications

Lot Number: —
Purity: —
Storage Temp: 36°F to 46°F

For Research Use Only. Not for human or animal administration. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Sold for laboratory research purposes only.

Documentation

Certificates of Analysis are supplied with each product lot where applicable.

Certificate of Analysis (COA)

Documentation will be available once product lots are received and tested.

All products currently listed on this site are for research purposes only.

COA Library

Published Certificates of Analysis for Thymosin Alpha 1 (Tα1). New deliveries are added as their batches are released.

No released COA for this strength yet

Reports appear here once a batch for this strength has been released.

Research Data

Chemical & Structural Identifiers

Chemical Name (IUPAC): N-acetyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-seryl-L-α-glutamyl-L-isoleucyl-L-threonyl-L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-leucyl-L-lysyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-lysyl-L-lysyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-valyl-L-valyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-asparagine
CAS Registry Number: 62304-98-7
PubChem CID: 16130571
Molecular Formula: C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₄₅
Molecular Weight: 3106.53 Da (3108.28 g/mol average)
Sequence: Ac-SDAAVDTSSEITTKDLKEKKEVVEEAEN-OH
InChIKey: KKLWDFGXZQYYPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Salt / Counter-Ion: Supplied as a high-purity lyophilized acetate (CH₃COO^-) or trifluoroacetate (CF₃COO^-) salt.
Synonyms: Thymosin Alpha 1, Thymosin α₁, Tα 1, Thymalfasin, Zadaxin, Thymosin A1, Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH

Net Charge & Secondary Structure: Strongly acidic polypeptide carrying a net formal charge of -14 at physiological pH 7.4 due to clustered aspartyl and glutamyl residues; adopts an unstructured random coil conformation in pure aqueous solutions that transitions into partially amphipathic α-helices upon membrane interaction.

Analytical & COA Specifications

Analytical Purity (RP-HPLC): ≥ 98.5% by area normalization under UV detection at λ = 214 nm and 220 nm.
Identity Confirmation (ESI-MS / MALDI-TOF): Theoretical mass [M+H]⁺ = 3109.3 Da; observed mass matches theoretical multivalent charge envelopes ([M+2H]²⁺ = 1555.2 Da, [M+3H]³⁺ = 1037.1 Da, [M+4H]⁴⁺ = 778.1 Da) within ± 0.6 Da.
Residual Moisture (Karl Fischer Titration): ≤ 2.5% water content.
Endotoxin Screening (LAL Assay): < 1.0 EU/mg (Limulus Amebocyte Lysate per USP <85>).
Sterility Validation: USP <71> compliant (no observed microbial proliferation in fluid thioglycollate or soybean-casein digest broths).
Physical Characterization: Dense, white to off-white lyophilized solid cake/powder.

Handling & Stability

Storage. Store dry solid desiccated at -20^°C to -80^°C, protected from atmospheric moisture and direct light.

Solubility. Highly hydrophilic; freely soluble in sterile laboratory-grade deionized water (≥ 20 mg/mL) and sterile Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS, pH 7.4, ≥ 15 mg/mL) for in vitro assay application.

Aliquoting & Chemical Stability: Lacks oxidation-prone residues (zero cysteine, methionine, or tryptophan residues), exhibiting superior aqueous stability in neutral buffers; prepare concentrated working stocks freshly or aliquot into single-use fractions at -20^°C to eliminate degradation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Mechanism & Literature

Biochemical Origin & Classification: Synthetic 28-amino-acid peptide originally isolated from Thymosin Fraction 5 (TF-5), representing an endogenous immunomodulatory peptide produced by thymic epithelial cells.

Cellular Pathways Investigated: Evaluated across primary dendritic cells, macrophages, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and lymphoid cell lines to quantify:

References (3)

Goldstein, A. L., et al. (1977). Thymosin alpha 1: isolation and sequence analysis of an immunologically active thymic polypeptide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 74(2), 725–729.
Romani, L., et al. (2004). Thymosin alpha 1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through Toll-like receptor signaling in vitro. Blood, 103(11), 4232–4239.
Garaci, E., et al. (2007). Thymosin alpha 1: from bench to bedside. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1112(1), 225–234.

Technical Laboratory FAQs

What structural characteristics govern Thymosin Alpha 1 solubility in vitro?

Thymosin Alpha 1 is a synthetic 28-amino-acid peptide with an acetylated N-terminal serine (Ac-Ser¹) and an acidic isoelectric point (pI ≈ 4.2), granting it high solubility in physiological buffers and standard laboratory cell culture media.

How does Thymosin Alpha 1 trigger innate immune activation in dendritic cell assays?

Thymosin Alpha 1 binds Toll-Like Receptors TLR2 and TLR9 on dendritic cells, triggering MyD88-dependent signaling cascades that activate NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways to drive the transcriptional upregulation of IL-12, IFN-α, and costimulatory surface markers (CD80/CD86).

What solvent conditions are recommended for preparing in vitro Thymosin Alpha 1 stock solutions?

Sterile deionized water or sterile PBS (pH 7.4) dissolves the lyophilized peptide rapidly at concentrations ≥ 15 mg/mL, providing an isotonic, chemically stable stock solution suitable for flow cytometry, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine profiling assays.

For Research Use Only. Not for human or animal administration. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Sold for laboratory research purposes only.